Europe situation
Four-year-old Tala from Guinea, at the port of Lampedusa with her mother, is being assisted by UNHCR staff.
© UNHCR/Alessandro Penso
Last updated 3rd December 2025
Shelter
for vulnerable families arriving with nothing.
Cash Assistance
to help people afford survival essentials.
Legal Advice
so that refugees can claim asylum and start new lives.
What’s happening in Europe?
Persecution, conflict and human rights violations are forcing people to flee their homes and seek safety in Europe. Many face treacherous journeys and risk their lives to reach their destination. So far in 2025, more than 92,000 people arrived via the Mediterranean and Northwest African maritime routes.
UNHCR is working hard to help families who have survived dangerous treks through the mountains or voyages across the Mediterranean. Staff also work to ensure there are more safe, legal routes into Europe and help new arrivals to get accommodation, cash assistance and make them aware of their asylum rights.
Where in Europe are refugees fleeing to?
Most The primary countries of departure in North Africa include Libya and Tunisia, whilst the primary countries of arrival – Italy, Greece and Spain – continue to be the main points of disembarkation and initial reception. Many of these families settle there, although others move elsewhere in search of work or better living conditions.
What dangers do people face en route?
Many families undergo long, exhausting journeys through the mountains, or board unsafe, overcrowded vessels and risk being lost at sea. The danger doesn’t end once refugees reach Europe – those moving onwards report numerous types of abuse, including being pushed back across borders.
How many people lose their lives entering by sea?
Since the beginning of 2025, some 1,290 people were recorded as dead or missing at sea in the Mediterranean alone.
What is UNHCR doing to help?
UNHCR is providing a broad range of support in Europe – offering humanitarian and cash assistance, providing accommodation, responding to sexual and gender-based violence, helping with the integration of refugee communities and supporting people with specific needs, including separated and unaccompanied children.
Where can I access the latest data and reports?
For the latest reports, data and stories about the refugee situation and UNHCR’s response across Europe, visit UNHCR’s Europe Portal.
Did you know that 6.3 million people from Ukraine have been forced to flee their homes & find safety across Europe?
Twelve-year-old Ali left behind his home, school and friends.
Now living on the Greek island of Kos, he’d be missing out on his education if it wasn’t for the support of UNHCR.
Thanks to its supporters, UNHCR can help run a non-formal school in a converted restaurant on Kos, where Ali can learn, make friends and gain the skills that will stand him in good stead for life.
Photo: ©UNHCR/Achilleas Zavallis